Friday, December 27, 2019

American Democracy Essays - 819 Words

American Democracy The American democracy is one of the most peaceful kinds of government in the world although it is a long way from utopia. The democracy in which we live has many strengths and weaknesses. Neither strengths or weaknesses out weigh one another, but it is necessary to have both due to the varying definitions. A democracy is a government that is run by the people. The politicians that we elect to run our government are human and they are susceptible to mistakes based on their own strengths and weaknesses. The strengths and weaknesses they possess are reflected into our government but at least â€Å"we the people† elect them and they are not chosen for us. We live in a representative democracy that means â€Å"we the people†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦It is kind of like a relationship, you tend to remember the bad more than the good. The same applies to campaigning. When some of us go to the ballot box we remember certain commercials either on the television or radio. And nine times out of ten, we remember the negative commercials over the positive. The campaigns are suppose to educate us and negative campaigns is not a good way to do that. The positive campaigns are the ones that should educate us. Positive campaigns promote â€Å"the will of the people.† The â€Å"will of the people† want trust, security, someone they can relate to. But with positive campaigns there is a drawback, it costs more money. Now you have those people who want to reform campaign finance. They feel we already spend too much money on campaigning. If you have the money supporting you, then you should be allowed to spend the money in whatever way it best suits your campaigning. More money does not mean a victory, just ask Ross Perot. More money could mean more positive campaigns and better education about the politicians for we the people. Some people feel we should let the newspapers and media inform us about candidates, but the media is the worst critic of all. Journalists are paid big bucks to see who can find the dirtiest secret one person has done. So, what positive influences could the media possibly provide to us? Our media in this country is out of control and they inform us of issues we do not need to know about. WhileShow MoreRelatedThe Natural Rights Of American Democracy1342 Words   |  6 Pages American democracy is a government which whom the power is vested by the people. The United States government has fulfilled the American democracy however, there has been major fulfilments that have not been completed. The start to our democracy begin with our Enlightenment ideas which influenced our founding fathers. These ideas dealt with Natural Rights, Social Contract, and Revolution. The Natural Rights idea comes from a famous philosopher named John Locke. He basically states that every humanRead MoreEssay on Roots of American Democracy2355 Words   |  10 PagesWhen referring to classical antiquity period, most think of Greece and Rome dominating and flourishing in the areas of philosophy, sciences, mathematics and literature. One other admirable achievement, the establishment of early forms of democracy, came from this time period and should not be overlooked as it is the historical basis of our government today. The Founding Fathers of the United States were influenced by Greek and Roman concepts in law, government structure, and even philosophy. Concep tsRead MoreAmerican Democracy : Is It Unhealthy And Who Is Blame?1555 Words   |  7 Pages American Democracy: Is it Unhealthy and Who is to Blame? Despite being one of the oldest and most consistently stable democracies in the Western world, the American government, and American democracy as a whole, has frequently come under fire in recent years. Whether it is political parties, pundits, bloggers or citizens, Americans and non-Americans are all lining up to take shots at what they diagnose as a storied democracy crumbling before their eyes. Two of Robert Dahl’s criteria for a healthyRead More The Creation of the American Democracy Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesThe Creation of the American Democracy When the Framers of the Constitution met in Philadelphia, they came together with one common purpose in mind. They needed to form a fair and solid system of government that would stand the test of time; one that was both fair for the people and would not involve a monarchy. Each of these men had their own ideas on what would constitute this system, however, so many compromises had to be made. Together, the men gathered in Philadelphia created a federalRead MoreThe Presidential Debate On The American System Of Democracy Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesA constructive national debate is something that is quite important to the functioning of the American system of democracy. A simple definition of democracy offered by the Merriam-Webster dictionary is that democracy is â€Å"a form of government in which people choose leaders by voting† (Merriam-Webster). Now, at a time of heightened awareness from many American people, the political debates in this country don’t seem t o be providing them with good cogent arguments. Instead they are filled with fallaciesRead MoreRethinking the Finality of and Democracy in the American Constitution1716 Words   |  7 PagesIs the United States Constitution a sacred and absolute document? Dahl (2001) argued that the Constitution is not perfect or permanent in his book, How Democratic is the American Constitution. He stresses that his main aim is not to propose that the Constitution must be amended, but to facilitate readers in changing how they think about the Constitution. In order to help people rethink the Constitution, Dahl (2001) explained the limitations of its Framers and the Constitution’s not widely known undemocraticRead MoreThe Concept Of American Democracy1699 Words   |  7 Pages Democracy is perhaps the most elusive concept of all times. But if there has to be something more elusive, it will surely be the concept of American democracy. In 1858, Abraham Lincoln is known to have written:  ¨As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master †¦ This expresses my idea of democracy. Whoever differs from this, to the extent of the difference, is no democracy. ¨ The initial understanding of American democracy takes the form of an antithesis of English colonialism and slaveryRead MoreThe Evolution of American Democracy1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of the American Democracy United States can be seen as the first liberal democracy. The United States Constitution, adopted in 1788, provided for an elected government and protected civil rights and liberties. On the American frontier, democracy became a way of life, with widespread social, economic and political equality. The system gradually evolved, from Jeffersonian Democracy or the First Party System to Jacksonian Democracy or the Second Party System and later to the Third PartyRead MoreDemocracy An American Novel, by Henry Adams Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesIn the late 1800’s, Henry Adams wrote Democracy An American Novel, in which he portrayed Washington society through the eyes of a wealthy young widow, Mrs. Madeline Lee, who is looking for the basis of American governmental power. In her search for the basis of power, Mrs. Lee encounters many facets of Washington society, such as the types of people who control the government. The novel moves beyond a simple plot and story and includes p ortrayals of the basic Washington types of people, WashingtonRead MorePursuing Democracy : An Analysis Of The Development Of American Government755 Words   |  4 PagesPursuing Democracy: An Analysis of the Development of American Government The passing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776 marks the beginning of of the United States of America, but the ideas that influenced the development of American government have roots extending to the dawn of civilization. As long as humans have lived in community, the desire to keep order has spawned many experiments in finding an effective system of government. Examination of the development of American government

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Should Abortion Be Legalized - 1130 Words

Congress wasted no time coming back to work and has now proposed new anti-abortion laws, which would ban abortion after 20 weeks of pregnancy. These laws are called â€Å"fetal pain† measures, based on studies saying that â€Å"fetuses are sentient after 20 weeks of pregnancy, assuming that an abortion procedure after that point would be painful for them† (Culp-Ressler 1). 20-week abortion bans have become increasingly popular on the state level, â€Å"nine states currently cut off legal abortion access at 20 weeks based on the assumption that fetuses can feel pain at that point† (Culp-Ressler 1). Many believe that focusing on later abortions is a â€Å"winning strategy† because it can be considered moderate ban. Two lawmakers introduced a measure to ban†¦show more content†¦Those that support abortion ban say it would be same as murder, because after 20 weeks the fetus can now feel pain and is considered â€Å"alive.† Which brings in the other side of the argument that â€Å"fetuses cannot survive outside the womb until about 28 weeks of pregnancy,† (Culp-Ressler 1) which means that if taking away an abortion after 20 weeks, and a problem happens between 20-28 weeks, the baby could not be aborted and could cause potentially health risks to the mother, even though the baby could not survive outside the womb. Also it should be the woman s choice to abort the child or not. The mother might not have the conditions to take care of the baby, or it is too risky of a pregnancy to be had, it is not right to impose one’s beliefs onto others. The mother has to have the choice, especially if she is not capable of taking care of the child. One should not interfere with other people’s lives, the abortion ban could potentially ruin many children’s and mother’s lives. Fetal pain measures represent a politically popular way of defining a policy that can force women to carry doomed pregnancies to term. 1/20/2015 The push for the 20 week abortion ban continues to be encouraged by GOP control of the House and now also the Senate, and they â€Å"are rallying behind a bill they believe will be the first step in a new

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Project Quality Management And Environmental Impact Assessment

Question: Describe about the Project Quality Management And Environmental Impact Assessment? Answer: Introduction: Most of the construction projects fail to generate expected deliverables due to presence of problems related with poor quality of work, cost overrun and delays (AboMoslim and Russell, 2014). According to Boton, Kubicki and Halin, (2013) increased number of reworks and material wastage reduces the overall efficiency of projects management techniques for developing large constructions. Douglas, (2013) opined that need of implementing quality management tools is increasing for large construction projects as the complexity of designs are increasing. Gatti, (2013) states that quality management techniques require being implemented in all phases of construction projects. It is required in order to improve overall quality of the deliverables. As the consciousness on environmental degradation is increasing, the need of assessing environmental impacts of construction projects is also increasing. Delaney, (2014) stated that developments of large construction may degrade quality of air of an ar ea. However, according to Chen, Li and Tu, (2013) dumping of wastes in large projects can lead to degradation of soil and water also. As the countries are implementing stricter policies for reducing environmental degradation, importance of evaluating environmental impacts is being more evident. The current report contains discussion on the implementation plan of quality management and environmental assessment techniques in construction of new stadium in Perth. Description of the case study: Perth Stadium development: Perth stadium redevelopment is one of the largest projects in Western Australia (Perthstadium.com.au, 2015).The new stadium in Perth is being developed not only for improving sports infrastructure of the country; it will be responsible for economic growth of Western Australia also. The Government of Western Australia took the initiative for developing new stadium in Perth. Famous constructor Brookfield Multiplex is appointed as the project manager. Scope of the project includes development of a multipurpose stadium with about 60000 seats, transportation facility including such as foot bridges, railway station ,bus terminus, food courts, entertainment zones and car parking facility. The scope also includes development play grounds for children, amphitheatre and picnic areas. However the construction is not completed. It is expected that the new stadium will be open by 2018. Quality management in Perth stadium reconstruction: As the stadium requires being completed within short time, implementation of quality management techniques is important for completing the project successfully. As the new stadium development in Perth includes several construction activities, undertaking of the project can cause environmental degradation in Western Australia. As the Government of Western Australia follows strict standards about environmental quality, implementation of environmental assessment techniques is important for uninterrupted execution of construction activities. Ghaffari, (2013) states that absence of proper quality management techniques leads to wastage of both financial and human resources. Awange, (2012) opines that identification of parameters on which quality of the construction related activities depends are important to develop quality management techniques inn projects. However, parameters for determining quality vary for different projects due to presence of differences among locations and designs (Goetsch and Davis, 2013). Factors for defining quality: Guichard, (2013) suggested some common parameter for managing quality on a construction project. These parameters include developing any construction according to the design and meeting the requirements of customers. Quality of a construction also depends on fulfilling the specifications of any regulatory bodies associated with the project. The Government of Australia is undertaking the Perth Stadium reconstruction project as a part of Western Australia development activities (Halwatura and Ranasinghe, 2013). The new stadium will be used for arranging several national and international sports events (Kuntjoro, Jumahat and Salleh, 2013). Apart from this, local people will also use this stadium as an entertainment center. Design of the stadium is prepared in such way so that the seating capacity can be increased in future. The stadium not only possess advanced infrastructure of arranging sports events, it also includes restaurants and transportation facility for visitors. Analysis on the design of proposed stadium indicates that quality of the project will depend on meeting the designing specifications, meeting the requirements of Australian Government. Quality of the project will also depend on fulfilling the specifications of Australian Government on environmental standards. As common people are one of the main stakehol ders of this project, meeting their expectations will also determine quality of the new stadium. Need for using quality control techniques in Stadium Development project: Use of quality management techniques for executing a project ensures that the tasks needed for fulfilling requirements of customers are being conducted efficiently (Leydecker, 2013). Li and Zhang, (2013) suggests that use of quality management techniques enable the project team to develop policies related with the project efficiently. The tasks related with implementation of quality assurance techniques also include setting of standards and developing guidelines. According to Lingard and Wakefield, (2013) quality of a construction project depends on the efficiency of the staffs. Training of members in a project team is required for imp roving efficiency of the whole team. According to Makuch and Pereira, (2012) quality assurance techniques deal with identification of the need of training in project team. However the tasks related with setting guidelines and monitoring project activities are also conducted as a part of quality assurance technique implementation in project. The stadium in Perth will be developed on large area. As the size of project is larger than normal construction projects, several activities will be conducted simultaneously. It indicates that the project team will face difficulties while monitoring. High complexity of the design , also indicates that every activities related with construction required being monitored closely in order to meeting requirements of the Government of Australia. The project manager, Brookfield Multiplex is not only responsible for developing the stadium and other secondary construction, the organization is also responsible for maintenance of the stadium in future. As development of such large constructions can cause environmental degradation in Perth and surrounding cities, implementation of quality management tools is important for meeting the requirements of the Government and environmental regulatory bodies. Factors affecting quality: According to McEwen, (2013) a construction project can be segmented into three main phases designing and planning phase, phase of construction, operation and maintenance phase. As the quality of project deliverables depend on activities in every stage, identification of factors that can affect the quality of deliverables is important for implementing quality management techniques. According to Millar, Oliner and Sichel, (2013) quality of a construction project depends on the raw material. Muturi and Sagwe, (2013) states that lack of suppliers involvement with project activities can impact on the overall quality. Lack of skilled members on project team can also reduce quality of the constructions. Planning and scheduling different tasks in project influences on the successful execution of the tasks. Quality of the project can also be hampered due to lack of proper planning and scheduling. As new stadium development will be used for arranging different supported and entertainment activities, quality of raw material is important for fulfilling its purpose. Although Brookfield multiplex, a famous constructor is appointed as the project manager, local citizens require being hired for timely completion of the project. Lack of training among casual staffs can affect quality of the stadium. Quality of the Air and land can be degraded while undertaking the project. Development of inefficient project policies can affect the quality. Analysis on the stadium development project indicates that the quality can be affected due to lack of supplier involvement, lack of collaboration among teams, inefficient project policies, lack of budget, and absence of quality standards. Total quality management (TQM) in Stadium reconstruction: According to Pries and Quigley, (2013) use of TQM techniques enables a project team to control quality standards at every stage of project cycle. Randolph, (2014) states that implementation of TQM is effective for maintaining quality of construction projects as it ensures that all stakeholder are involved with the project management process. Thus fulfilling requirements of customers become easier for the project team. Figure 1: Elements of TQM in construction projects TQM implementation process in new stadium development project includes development of policies regarding supplier, training of employees, and communication among teams and deciding methods required for quality measurement. Modifying role of management: Scott Howe, (2000) states that effectiveness of TQM techniques depend on the management policies for executing a project. Quality of the project depends on meeting criteria of its stakeholders. Development of project charter can enable the project manager to understand scope of the project (Sherratt, 2014). Development of project charter will also be effective for identifying the risks associated with project. Prediction of the potential risks leads to development of more effective management policies. As the project of developing new stadium in Perth consists of several construction works, the managers can identify subtasks within large construction works. Use of Work breakdown structure will be effective for identifying the subtasks (Shrestha, Burns and Shields, 2013). As several tasks require being completed within estimated time, the managers of project team can develop milestones for scheduling tasks. Although different teams will be working in the project, communication among members of a project team is an important factor for improving quality of the tasks (Smiley, Fernie and Dainty, 2014). Management of the project can develop communication plans for maintaining collaboration among teams. The project managers also can develop proper reporting structure for monitoring activities related with construction work. Need for training: Smith, Merna and Jobling, (2013) opined that effectiveness of management policies depends on the process of implementing it. As the proposed design of new stadium is highly complex, skilled workforce is required for meeting all specifications of design. However, the project manager, Brookfield Multiplex requires recruiting temporary staffs for completion of the project. The organization can provide training to these staffs to assist them for developing new skills. Stahl, (2013) stated that each construction project is unique as the designs of different constructions are different. According to Tao and Tam, (2013) technological requirements for undertaking a construction project varies highly on the design. As different technologies are used for executing different tasks within a project, training of employees is important for improving their skills. Emphasizing on teamwork: As the time for completing project is short, the project manager can develop separate teams for executing tasks. These teams will be responsible for developing their own goals. Scheduling all tasks of large project can be difficult for a single team (Taylor, 2010). If different teams take the responsibility of scheduling their own duties, chances of completing the project on time will increase (Walter and Styhre, 2013). However the teams require communicating with each other for developing more effective project plans. Engaging different teams to make final plan, enables the project manager to revise these plans (Shrestha, Burns and Shields, 2013). As a result of revising plans for several times, number of flaws reduces. Communication among teams plays an important role for successful completion of the project (Watts, 2013). The project manager can use reporting structures for supervising the construction activities and monitoring progress in project. Although team work at the first phase of project cycle leads to development of effective plan, it is also required in construction phase also. Lingard and Wakefield (2013) states that construction projects require professionals of different fields for being completed. Collaboration among the teams of different professionals is essential for fulfilling the requirements of Western Australia Government. Use of statistical method: According to Kuntjoro, Jumahat and Salleh, (2013) the teams handling large projects may face several difficulties for completing the project within time and budget. Analysis on the project of new stadium development in Perth indicates that the tasks relayed with the project are highly complex . In this project statistical methods can be used for solving the problems which are faced by project team while executing the tasks. As stated by identification of the problems which are affecting quality of a project is necessary for developing quality management strategies. Use of statistical methods for identification of the factors which are impacting on the overall quality is more effective than any other methods (Walter and Styhre, 2013). Shrestha, Burns and Shields, (2013) suggest that use of data for making decisions results development of efficient decisions. Lingard and Wakefield, (2013) also opines that making decisions on basis of view of members of the pr oject team can increase risks. Analysis on the project of new Perth Stadium development indicates that the teams can use cause and effect diagrams, histograms and graphs for identifying the factors influencing quality of the project. However, use of statistical methods dose not reduce the importance of contribution of the members in planning and decision making process. Feasibility analysis: Effectiveness of quality management techniques depends on the cost require for implementing the strategy. Goetsch and Davis, (2013) considered that the cost of quality management tools as the primary parameters for measuring quality of a project. Although implementation of quality management strategies is important for meeting customer requirements, it also requires being ensured that use of these tools are not affecting profitability of the project (Shrestha, Burns and Shields, 2013). Involving supplier with quality management: Relationship among the stakeholders of a project influences quality of the deliverables (Walter and Styhre, 2013). Goetsch and Davis, (2013) state that successful execution of the project depends on involvements of the stakeholders .According to Kuntjoro, Jumahat and Salleh, (2013) the quality of project delivered by a constructor depends on the quality of material and equipments provided by supplier.() opines that maintenance of close relationship with suppliers is required for receiving raw materials of high quality at affordable cost. As stated by Lingard and Wakefield (2013) maintaining long term relationship with suppliers enables the constructor to reduce the number of suppliers for getting raw materials. As such relationships are based on mutual trust between the suppliers and constructors; chances for getting materials of lower quality reduce. Quality of material will impact on the new stadium in Perth also. In this case the supplie rs which have long term relationships with Brookfield Multiplex can be engaged with the supply chain process of the project. Engaging long term suppliers of Brookfield can improve quality of the material. Apart from building close relation with the suppliers, constructors also can request them for implementing TQM processes. Using ISO standards for quality control: Randolph, (2014) states that the primary objective of implementing quality management techniques in a project to attain satisfaction of all stakeholders. Use of ISO standards can enable organizations to implement TQM (Lingard and Wakefield, 2013). Engaging ISO registered organizations will also enable the manager of new stadium development project to get materials of high quality. Involving clients with the project: As stated by Kuntjoro, Jumahat and Salleh, (2013) the trend of engaging clients with TQM processes is becoming more popular. Shrestha, Burns and Shields, (2013) opined that successful implementation of TQM processes requires contribution of all parties associated with it. Involving both internal and external customers with the TQM process enables the project management team to meet their requirements more efficiently (Walter and Styhre, 2013). The government of Western Australia is the final customer of this project. The Government can be engaged with policy development tasks, quality checking process of construction works and raw materials. Involving the Government for quality checking and policy development tasks leads to better fulfillments of clients requirements. Sustainability and Environmental impact assessment for New Stadium development project: According to Lingard and Wakefield, (2013) necessity of environmental impact assessments is high for large construction projects as undertaking of these projects impacts severely on the environment. Goetsch and Davis, (2013) stated that development of large constructions not only degrades the quality of land or air these projects also impacts negatively on the public health also . As the consciousness on environmental degradation is increasing, undertaking project in sustainable manner enables the project manager to attain satisfaction of all customers. However it is important to implement EIA techniques at all stages of project cycle to minimize the negative impacts of activities related with project on environment (Kuntjoro, Jumahat and Salleh, 2013). Implementation of EIA can be done in few stages in a project. The project of new stadium development in Perth will be undertaken for long time. Scope of the project includes several construction works. It indicates that development of the new stadium will impact on the land and air quality of the area. As the construction works will take long time for being completed, undertaking of the project may impact on public heath also. The construction works may be interrupted at any stage of project if the environmental standards are not maintained. Implementation of EIA techniques is important to develop proper mitigation strategies (Walter and Styhre, 2013). Once the impacts are identified, it is important to develop strategies for mitigating the identified impacts of project. EIA in project cycle: Figure 2: EIA processes for construction project Pre EIA implementation stages: The pre implementation stages of EIA techniques deals with screening and scoping of the project (Randolph, 2014). At the screening phase the decision regarding requirements of EIA is taken. Screening phase of the EIA implementation process in new stadium development will also deal with identification of the approaches used for EIA implementation in the project. Second stage of the EIA implementation process in new stadium development project in Perth deals with identification of the scopes of the project. The potential impacts of a construction development project can be predicted from the findings of scope analysis (Kuntjoro, Jumahat and Salleh, 2013). Scope analysis of the stadium development project indicates that after successful, completion, the project will be able to deliver a multipurpose stadium, restaurants , entertainment centers and transportation facility . As the number of construction works is high level of environmental degradation will also be high. At this stage, the current policies of project development will be revised. According to Randolph, (2014) development identification of alternative project strategies is done on basis of scope analysis of the project. Main EIA stages: On completion of tasks related with pre EIA implementation stages, asks for main phase of EIA implementation process will start. The main phase of EIA implementation includes development of policies, execution of administration related tasks and development of project description (Walter and Styhre, 2013). In case of Perth stadium development project, the environmental policies of Australian Government will be revised. Often the constructors need to obtain permits from Government for undertaking a project. Perth stadium construction may affect health condition of the area. In the next stages of EIA implementation process, base line data about the residents of surrounding area will be established. Establishment of baseline data is important for analysis the potential impacts on heath of local people (Walter and Styhre, 2013). Sixth stage of the EIA implementation in Perth stadium development deals with evaluation of potential impacts of the project on environment of P erth and other cities. Post EIA implementation stages: The post EIA implementation stages deal with monitoring the effects of project on environment. In this stage the effectiveness of revised strategies are analyzed on basis of the results. In case of stadium development project in Perth the effects of the project will be monitored during construction of the stadium. However the effects will also be monitored while executing the tasks related with secondary construction works. In main phase of construction process some parameters regarding environmental impacts of the development project will be set. At post EIA implementation phase these parameters will be periodically measured and will also be compared with the environmental standards. On basis of the findings of this analysis, the strategies of stadium development will be revised. Tools used for identification, prediction and evaluation of environmental impacts: Identification Prediction Evaluation Checklists Checklists Modeling and simulation GIS Impact matrices Cost benefit analysis Impact matrices Impact networks Multiple criteria analysis Impact networks GIS GIS Multiple criteria analysis Modeling and simulation Table 1: Tools used for identification, prediction and evaluation of environmental impacts Phases Steps Tools Planning and identification of impacts Setting indicators Developing aims GIS Data base Expert systems Prediction and measurement of environmental impacts Assessing impacts Analyzing data Estimation of standards Data analysis models Evaluation of strategies Normalization of data Providing rankings Analysis of sensitivity GIS Table 2: Software Tools used for identification, prediction and evaluation of environmental impacts Table 1 and 2 reflects the tools used for measuring environmental parameters. The manager of new Stadium project in Perth can use various tools for indentifying the potential impacts of the construction works. The management can use tools such as impact networks, checklists and impact matrices for forecasting the negative impacts on environment. The management also can use multiple criteria analysis and statistical tools for measuring the level of environmental degradation for undertaking the project. The tools such as impact networks, checklists and impact matrices can also be used for identifying the current environmental impacts due to project activities (Randolph, 2014). Prediction of potential impacts of environmental degradation can also be done using modeling and simulation. Evaluation of the EIA activities is conducted using impact networks, checklists and impact matrices. Cost benefit analysis, multiple criteria analysis and GIS techniques are also used for this purpose (Wal ter and Styhre, 2013). Conclusion: Analysis made in this report indicates that implementation of quality management techniques is essential for new stadium development project in Perth. The analysis reflects that quality of the deliverables of this project depends on quality of raw material, quality of available equipments and skill of workers. Apart from this, effectiveness of the management policies can be considered as one of the most important factors for improving quality of the deliverables. However, in this project, TQM can be used for improving quality of the construction works. Use of TQM will enable the project manager to conduct the tasks of each stage in the project life cycle efficiently. Thus the quality of overall project will improve. The suggested ways of TQM implementation in this project are making project policies by different groups in the management team, developing project charter for scope identification and development of WBS for identifying subtasks. In this project preparation of communicati on plan is suggested for improving collaboration among the teams .Analysis made in the project also reflects that the analysis of risk and factors affecting quality of deliverables can be done by using cause and effect matrix. Statistical data can be used for improving the quality of decisions made by managers. However, use of quality management techniques can increase requirements of budget for a project. The cost effectiveness of any TQM strategy requires being analyzed before implementing within the project. The report also contains discussion on EIA techniques which can be used for measuring the negative impacts of undertaking construction projects on environment. Discussion made on the EIA techniques in this report indicates that the environmental impacts require being assessed at every stage of project cycle. Environmental standards of Australian Government can be followed to monitor level of environmental degradation due to project activities. Implementation of EIA can be don e in few stages in Perth New stadium development project. The stages are Screening of project, Scoping, Identification of policies and regulation applicable to the project, identification of permits obtained by project Considering EIA laws. The EIA implementation process also deals with providing background information and identification of potential impacts, establishing baseline standards for public health, identification of potential impacts and identification of strategies for reducing impacts .The tasks related with identification , evaluation and prediction of environmental impacts of project activities can be measured by impact networks, checklists and impact matrices, modeling and simulation, cost benefit analysis, multiple criteria analysis and GIS techniques. References: AboMoslim, S. and Russell, A. 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Designing the Internet of Things. Wiley. Millar, J., Oliner, S. and Sichel, D. (2013). Time-to-plan lags for commercial construction projects. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Muturi, D. and Sagwe, J. (2013). The TQM Journal. Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Perthstadium.com.au, (2015). The new Perth Stadium. [online] Available at: https://www.perthstadium.com.au/ [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Pries, K. and Quigley, J. (2013). Total quality management for project management. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Randolph, S. (2014). Maximizing Project Value: A Project Manager's Guide. Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e2-e2. Scott Howe, A. (2000). Designing for automated construction. Automation in Construction, 9(3), pp.259-276. Sherratt, F. (2014). Exploring Zero Target safety programmes in the UK construction industry. Construction Management and Economics, 32(7-8), pp.737-748. Shrestha, P., Burns, L. and Shields, D. (2013). Magnitude of Construction Cost and Schedule Overruns in Public Work Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering, 2013, pp.1-9. Smiley, J., Fernie, S. and Dainty, A. (2014). Understanding construction reform discourses. Construction Management and Economics, 32(7-8), pp.804-815. Smith, N., Merna, T. and Jobling, P. (2013). Managing Risk in Construction Projects. Hoboken: Wiley. Stahl, G. (2013). Translating Euclid. [San Rafael, Calif.]: Morgan Claypool. Tao, R. and Tam, C. (2013). System reliability theory based multiple-objective optimization model for construction projects. Automation in Construction, 31, pp.54-64. Taylor, P. (2010). Moodle 1.9 for design and technology. Birmingham, UK: Packt Pub. Walter, L. and Styhre, A. (2013). The role of organizational objects in construction projects: the case of the collapse and restoration of the Tjrn Bridge. Construction Management and Economics, 31(12), pp.1172-1185. Watts, A. (2013). Modern Construction Handbook. Berlin: Ambra. 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Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Role of Enobarbus in Acts I and II of Antony a Essay Example For Students

The Role of Enobarbus in Acts I and II of Antony a Essay nd CleopatraIn Shakespeares tragedy/history/Roman play Antony and Cleopatra, we are told the story of two passionate and power-hungry lovers. In the first two Acts of the play we are introduced to some of the problems and dilemmas facing the couple (such as the fact that they are entwined in an adulterous relationship, and that both of them are forced to show their devotion to Caesar). Along with being introduced to Antony and Cleopatras strange love affair, we are introduced to some interesting secondary characters. One of these characters is Enobarbus. Enobarbus is a high-ranking soldier in Antonys army who it seems is very close to his commander. We know this by the way Enobarbus is permitted to speak freely (at least in private) with Antony, and often is used as a person to whom Antony confides in. We see Antony confiding in Enobarbus in Act I, Scene ii, as Antony explains how Cleopatra is cunning past mans thought (I.ii.146). In reply to this Enobarbus speaks very freely of his view of Cleopatra, even if what he says is very positive:†¦her passions are made ofnothing but the finest part of pure love. We cannotcall her winds and waters sighs and tears; they aregreater storms and tempests than almanacs can report. We will write a custom essay on The Role of Enobarbus in Acts I and II of Antony a specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This cannot be cunning in her; if it be she makes ashower of rain as well as Jove. (I, ii, 147-152)After Antony reveals that he has just heard news of his wifes death, we are once again offered an example of Enobarbus freedom to speak his mind, in that he tells Antony to give the gods a thankful sacrifice (I.ii.162), essentially saying that Fulvias death is a good thing. Obviously, someone would never say something like this unless they were in very close company. While acting as a friend and promoter of Antony, Enobarbus lets the audience in on some of the myth and legend surrounding Cleopatra. Probably his biggest role in the play is to exaggerate Anthony and Cleopatras relationship. Which he does so well in the following statements:When she first met Mark Antony, shepursed up his heart, upon the river of Cydnus. (II.ii.188-189)The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne,Burned on the water: the poop was beaten gold;Purple the sails, and so perfumed thatThe winds were lovesick with them; the oars weresilver,(II.ii.193-197)And, for his ordinary, pays his heartFor what his eyes eat only. (II.ii.227-228)Age cannot wither her, nor custom staleHer infinite variety†¦. (II.ii.237-238)In these passages, Enobarbus turns Antonys and Cleopatras meeting into a fairy tale and leads the audience into believing the two are inseparable. His speeches in Act II are absolutely vital to the play in that this is what Shakespeare wants the audience to view Antony and Cleopatra. Also, in these passages, Cleopatra is described as irresistible and beautiful beyond belief — another view that is necessary for us to believe in order to buy the fact that a man with so much to lose would be willing to risk it all in order to win her love. Quite possibly, these passages may hint that Enobarbus is himself in love with Cleopatra. After all, it would be hard to come up with such flowery language if a person were not inspired. Enobarbus may be lamenting his own passions vicariously through the eyes of Antony. This would be convenient in questioning Enobarbus loyalty, which becomes very important later on in the play (considering he kills himself over grief from fearing he betrayed his leader). The loyalty of Enobarbus is indeed questionable. Even though we never hear him utter a single disparaging remark against Antony, he does admit to Menas that he will praise any man that will praise me (II.iii.88), suggesting that his honor and loyalty may just be simple brown-nosing. .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7 , .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7 .postImageUrl , .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7 , .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7:hover , .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7:visited , .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7:active { border:0!important; } .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7:active , .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7 .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u71155119b722255821736740edb7cfa7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nude In Western Paintings Persuasive EssayShakespeare probably fashioned Enobarbus as a means of relaying information to the audience that would otherwise be difficult or awkward to bring forth from other characters (such as Cleopatras beauty and the story of her betrayal of Caesar), but he also uses him as way to inject some levity and humor in the play, showing the characters eagerness to have a good time. Evidence of this comes in Enobarbus affinity for drunkenness. In both Act I and Act II Enobarbus purports the joys of drink:Bring in the banquet quickly: wine enoughCleopatras health to drink. (I.ii.13-24)Mine, and most of our fortunes,tonight, shall be — drunk to bed. (I.ii.47-48)He even caps off Act II with a song for Bacchus and a request for drunken celebration. In short, Enobarbus is used as any good secondary character should be; he relays information between characters, exposes other characters and their traits, gives background information, and lets the audience in on his surroundings and the general moods and beliefs of the times he lived in. He is not just used as a database however, through his speeches and his actions we find a fully developed person, someone with thoughts, motives, and feelings all his own — a character who cant be summed up in just a few sentences.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

The Three Sisters Monologue Essay Example For Students

The Three Sisters Monologue Essay A monologue from the play by Anton Chekhov NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Moscow Arts Theatre Series of Plays. Ed. Oliver M. Sayler. New York: Brentanos, 1922. ANDREI: Oh, what has become of my past and where is it? I used to be young, happy, clever, I used to be able to think and frame clever ideas, the present and the future seemed to me full of hope. Why do we almost before we have begun to live, become dull, gray, uninteresting, lazy, apathetic, useless, unhappy? This town has already been in existence for two hundred years and it has a hundred thousand inhabitants, not one of whom is in any way different from the others. There has never been, now or at any other time, a single leader of men, a single scholar, an artist, a man of even the slightest eminence who might arouse envy or a passionate desire to be emulated. They only eat, drink, sleep, and then they die . . . more people are born and also eat, drink, sleep, and so as not to become half-witted out of sheer boredom, they try to make life many-sided with their beastly back-biting, vodka, cards, and litigation. The wives deceive their husbands, and the husbands lie, and pretend t hey see nothing and hear nothing, and the evil influence irresistibly oppresses the children and the divine spark in them is extinguished, and they become just as pitiful corpses and just as much like one another as their fathers and mothers We will write a custom essay on The Three Sisters Monologue specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Analysis of Good Country People by Flannery OConnor

Analysis of Good Country People by Flannery OConnor Good Country People by Flannery OConnor (1925–1964) is a story, in part, about the dangers of mistaking platitudes for original insights. The story, first published in 1955, presents three characters whose lives are governed by the platitudes they embrace or reject: Mrs. Hopewell, who speaks almost exclusively in cheerful clichà ©sHulga (Joy), Mrs. Hopewells daughter, who defines herself solely in opposition to her mothers platitudesA Bible salesman, who turns the clichà ©d beliefs of the unsuspecting mother and daughter against them Mrs. Hopewell Early in the story, OConnor demonstrates that Mrs. Hopewells life is governed by upbeat but empty sayings: Nothing is perfect. This was one of Mrs. Hopewells favorite sayings. Another was: that is life! And still another, the most important, was: well, other people have their opinions too. She would make these statements [†¦] as if no one held them but her [†¦] Her statements are so vague and obvious as to be almost meaningless, except, perhaps, to convey an overall philosophy of resignation. That she fails to recognize these as clichà ©s suggest how little time she spends reflecting on her own beliefs. The character of Mrs. Freeman provides an echo chamber for Mrs. Hopewells statements, thereby emphasizing their lack of substance. OConnor writes: When Mrs. Hopewell said to Mrs. Freeman that life was like that, Mrs. Freeman would say, I always said so myself. Nothing had been arrived at by anyone that had not first been arrived at by her. We are told that Mrs. Hopewell liked to tell people certain things about the Freemans - that the daughters are two of the finest girls she knows and that the family is good country people. The truth is that Mrs. Hopewell hired the Freemans because they were the only applicants for the job. The man who served as their reference openly told Mrs. Hopewell that Mrs. Freeman was the nosiest woman ever to walk the earth. But Mrs. Hopewell continues to call them good country people because she wants to believe they are. She almost seems to think that repeating the phrase will make it true. Just as Mrs. Hopewell seems to want to reshape the Freemans in the image of her favorite platitudes, she also seems to want to reshape her daughter. When she looks at Hulga, she thinks, There was nothing wrong with her face that a pleasant expression wouldnt help. She tells Hulga that a smile never hurt anyone and that people who looked on the bright side of things would be beautiful even if they were not, which could be insulting. Mrs. Hopewell views her daughter entirely in terms of clichà ©s, which seems guaranteed to make her daughter reject them. Hulga-Joy Mrs. Hopewells greatest platitude is perhaps her daughters name, Joy. Joy is grumpy, cynical and utterly joyless. To spite her mother, she legally changes her name to Hulga, partly because she thinks it sounds ugly. But just as Mrs. Hopewell continually repeats other sayings, she insists on calling her daughter Joy even after her name is changed, as if saying it will make it true. Hulga cant stand her mothers platitudes. When the Bible salesman is sitting in their parlor, Hulga tells her mother, Get rid of the salt of the earth [†¦] and lets eat. When her mother instead turns down the heat under the vegetables and returns to the parlor to continue singing the virtues of real genuine folks way out in the country, Hulga can be heard groaning from the kitchen. Hulga makes it clear that if it werent for her heart condition, she would be far from these red hills and good country people. She would be in a university lecturing to people who knew what she was talking about. Yet she rejects one clichà © – good country people – in favor of one that sounds superior but is equally trite – people who knew what she was talking about. Hulga likes to imagine herself as being above her mothers platitudes, but she reacts so systematically against her mothers beliefs that her atheism, her Ph.D. in philosophy and her bitter outlook begin to seem as thoughtless and trite as her mothers sayings. The Bible Salesman Both the mother and the daughter are so convinced of the superiority of their perspectives that they dont recognize theyre being duped by the Bible salesman. Good country people is meant to be flattering, but its a condescending phrase. It implies that the speaker, Mrs. Hopewell, somehow has the authority to judge whether someone is good country people or, to use her word, trash. It also implies that the people being labeled this way are somehow simpler and less sophisticated than Mrs. Hopewell. When the Bible salesman arrives, he is a living example of Mrs. Hopewells sayings. He uses a cheerful voice, makes jokes, and has a pleasant laugh. In short, hes everything Mrs. Hopewell advises Hulga to be. When he sees that hes losing her interest, he says, People like you dont like to fool with country people like me! Hes hit her in her weak spot. Its as if hes accused her of not living up to her own cherished platitudes, and she overcompensates with a flood of clichà ©s and an invitation to dinner. Why! she cried, good country people are the salt of the earth! Besides, we all have different ways of doing, it takes all kinds of make the world go round. Thats life! The salesman reads Hulga as easily as he reads Mrs. Hopewell, and he feeds her the clichà ©s she wants to hear, saying that he likes girls that wear glasses and that Im not like these people that a serious thought dont ever enter their heads. Hulga is as condescending toward the salesman as her mother is. She imagines that she can give him a deeper understanding of life because [t]rue genius [†¦] can get an idea across even to an inferior mind. In the barn, when the salesman demands that she tell him she loves him, Hulga feels pity, calling him poor baby and saying, Its just as well you dont understand. But later, faced with the evil of his actions, she falls back on her mothers clichà ©s. Arent you, she asks him, just good country people? She never valued the good part of country people, but like her mother, she assumed the phrase meant simple. He responds with his own clichà ©d tirade. I may sell Bibles but I know which end is up and I wasnt born yesterday and I know where Im going! His certainty mirrors - and therefore calls into question - Mrs. Hopewells and Hulgas.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

What does Roy in Normal want from a sex change Assignment

What does Roy in Normal want from a sex change - Assignment Example People with gender identity disorder prefer to dress and live as the members of the opposite sex. Gender identity disorder is a psychological condition that causes many problems. Depression and anxiety are among the most common problems that he has to face. However, these psychological problems can be overcome by taking certain measures that also include some medicines but the social dilemma is the hardest thing the person suffering from gender identity disorder has to face. Everyone expect others to behave and act the way they are physically born. Parents start dictating their children about appropriate behavior from very early ages. As many boys have reported the message from their parents that they do not like them to play with dolls or wear pink dresses. As these individuals grow up, life gets harder and harder where at one side they are fighting with their souls while on the other side they are trying to cope up with the body they are born with. Puberty is the most difficult age in the lifetime for such people as they see gender specific changes in them in the form of facial hair growth, change of voice, development of genitalia and growth of breasts. They hate these changes and reported to be disgusted by hair growth in case of males or breasts development in case of females. It is quite a complicated stage where some are unaware with what is happening to them while others are either not confident enough or ready to take a decision for sex change. Most have been found to snub their inner feelings and try living against their will because of the fear and restrictions of society and moral impacts. Though, this is very distressing and depressing to them and can cause other psychological disorders (Park, and Manzon-Santos). The same situation â€Å"Roy† had to face in the movie â€Å"Normal† who snubbed his individuality in another body for a very long time but finally decides to change it and live the way he feels to. After 25 years of successf ul marriage and fatherhood, Roy found the biggest secret of his life that he was a woman in a man’s body. In a quest of finding his identity and portray what he is in real, he wants to go for a sex change surgery. After announcing the decision of sex transition, Roy faces disgust and intolerance from his family and co-workers. Some understands his transition while others totally abandon it. Roy transition to be a woman is going to affect not only him but also everyone he is related to. Roy goes through an inner war between his social existence and psychological empowerment. He sees a psychologist to identify more about him and try to fight with the situation socially but nothing makes it better. His wife tries her best to bring the man he loved by putting psychological pressure in different ways but nothing works on him. Roy is so desperate with his life that he even tries to attempt a suicide but his wife saves him. His psychological disorder is totally empowering him with d issatisfaction and unhappiness. He feels like he has been snubbing his internal desires and regrets to spend the whole life in a body and appearance that does not belong to him. The final change he brings to his life is dressing in a woman’s dress, wearing high heels and growing long-hair. The change was more a satisfaction to his psychological needs than physical. Roy has not gone through a sex-change surgery yet, however, he feels happiness and pleasure with the

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

MG2119 Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

MG2119 Marketing Research - Essay Example Moreover, the findings are a comprehensive scrutiny on the various facets of the company that the manager should know to make decisions that will facilitate sustainability. Corporate social responsibilities define the lawful actions that extend some social goodness to the community, business environment and employees. (Palmer, 2012) Programs in social responsibility include actions to make a better environment for the society and stakeholder’s lives in an organization. Most companies are not aware of the accountability factor hence they do not make any significant impact to the societies; essentially, this is because they lack the right strategies and procedures to implement in their systems (Palmer 2012). Most companies fail at achieving sustainability because they lack the necessary curriculums; however, they are those that establish these curriculums but do not effectively implement them. CSR curriculums facilitate meeting of customer’s needs by companies; they improve their esteem by making them feel more worth in the society. These programs also act to the corporation’s advantage since they attract a great number of customers hence increasing the sales. In cases of Insurance policy companies, they increase the number of people that want to be in their hands and these also motivates the company to continue offering better services using the social responsibility programs (Annabel & Deanne, 2011). Social responsibilities act as guidance to how employees and stakeholders behave and conduct themselves in the work place. CSR, merely as laws, facilitate employees’ actions, as individuals or as a group, in different situations like when providing services to customers, when handling corporation assets and when required to execute business-based tasks. Failure to establish the different aspects related to corporate social responsibility is the reason why top-level managers for most companies do not succeed in

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Sociological Definition of Religion Concerning Aborigines Essay Example for Free

Sociological Definition of Religion Concerning Aborigines Essay In my opinion, I find the sociological definition of religion to be my favorite and most helpful. Clifford Geertz explains his definition very clearly, saying that religion is a system of symbols which acts to establish powerful, persuasive and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic. What I believe he means is that instead of looking at theories and things of that nature about how religion started, we should look at concepts beyond religion itself. I found that the Australian Aborigines follow closely along this same definition of religion. To the Aborigines, the world has always existed, meaning everything was always here; they had no creation myths. They had believed the ultimate supreme was associated with the sky and was the source for all power in the universe, but said it was not the focus of worship. Instead, religious practices focused upon a number of spirits who supposedly slept within the earth and transformed it every now and then. The earthly spirits were capable of taking the same form of either human or animal; they were considered â€Å"totemic ancestors†. This all relates to the sociological definition of religion because the Aborigines formed conceptions about the spirits, which gives an order for existence; it all seems very realistic to them. Anthropologists studied deeply into these Australian Aborigines. They looked into a primordial era that was a part of an Aborigine myth. They found that this era referred to a period in time when the first ancestors shaped the world and established traditions that their descendants must follow. The actions of the ancestors were thought to be imprinted on the land, possibly in significant physical landscapes, in unusual water holes, or in the main characteristics of animals and plants. This â€Å"era† was said to be the foundation of Aboriginal thought and religious practice and its power was ongoing. This all relates to Geertz’ definition of religion once again, because during the era, the ancestors set up lasting moods and motivations for the Aborigine people. The Aborigine people’s ritual practices concentrated on reenacting the events that took place during the primordial era. Song, dance, and body sand paintings were used to gain access to the era and teach everyone in the community about it. Male and female had different powers, as well as different types of work, during these certain rituals. These rituals relate to Geertz because the native Aborigine people are continuing the traditions and are passing down the tales about the spirits. They’re giving the conception of existence an order of factuality. In conclusion, what I can tell personally, the Australian Aborigines followed right along the same path of religion as Geertz would describe; I’m sure he’d be very fond of it all. With everything that they do, it all falls back on the sociological definition of religion. The rituals, the era, the beginnings, all follow along the same guidelines as Clifford Geertz.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Economic Globalization And Offshore Sourcing Management Essay

Economic Globalization And Offshore Sourcing Management Essay In tune with increased economic globalization and offshore sourcing, global supply chain management is becoming a vital subject for many businesses and Somerset Furniture is one of the companies facing the challenges when set up its global supply chain. The business strategy constitutes overall direction to achieve corporate objectives and goals in long term, but supply chain strategy focuses on driving down operational costs, streamlining procedures and maximizing efficiencies. However, most companies have wonderful business strategies but most of them are unlikely designed a seamless supply chain strategy which can result in great failure when doing business overseas. In this case study, Somersets current approach to manage its supply chain resulted in poor business performance, the visible hazards and other negative factors frustrated Somerset included poor logistics management, ineffective order system and inventory management as well as inconsistency of product quality. In adopting a value chain, Somerset must incorporate and execute a robust supply chain management strategy for best-fit suppliers selection, further establish on how to work with supply partners, distributors, suppliers, customers or even customers customers as a way to remain competitive. Otherwise, the company will not survive. As the marketplace changes rapidly and becomes very competitive, it is critical that Somerset reinforces existing relationships and work together internally and externally. That being said, a well-practiced supply chain strategy results in value creation for the whole organization. In a nutshell, supply chains have shifted from a cost focus to a customer focus, until currently to a strategic focus, scrutinizing the success of a strategy is just as good as the companys capabilities to fully and properly execute all. A great supply chain strategic approach, connected with operational excellence, can provide success for not only the company in crisis but also its partners and customers. 1. Introduction Somerset Furniture is an established ornate residential home wood furniture company with over 50 years history in USA, renowned for producing quality and affordable furniture with a practical range of innovative design. To cope with the fast growing U.S. market, Somerset has developed its marketing strategy by introducing new product lines every few years and successfully gained creditable reputation during the last half of the twentieth century. The company was a pioneer in furniture manufacturing processes and in applying TQM principles to furniture manufacturing. However, Somerset soon faced with thorny problems emerging in mid-1990s, such as stiffer competition, high labour rates, diminishing profits. As a result, the company downsized the domestic manufacturing facility and labour force through outsourcing several internal furniture product lines to China manufacturers, this led to be very successful in reducing costs and increasing profits initially. By 2000, Somerset closed entire manufacturing facility in the United States and outsourced all of its manufacturing to suppliers in China and then set up global supply chain, at which a series of chain-reacting problems raised and affected business. The primary focus of this paper is to find out outsourcing solution and rectify the global supply chain strategy to be very competitive. The evaluation of Somersets approach on managing current supply chain both from strategic and tactical viewpoint will be addressed in Chapter 2. The subsequent Chapter 3 and 4 respectively describes the new strategic supply chain approach and then explains the transformational requirements for changing Somerset supply chain effectively and efficiently. The conclusion will be made in Chapter 5 outlining the study points for readers. Evaluation of Somerset Furniture Companys Approach to Managing Supply Chain from both strategic and tactical viewpoints. Somersets Existing Global Supply Chain Process Map Figure 2.1 Somersets Global Supply Chain Logistic Flowchart Source: Adapted from Fawcett, Ellram and Ogden (2007, p.218) Foreign Competition While Somerset formulated a good strategic marketing plan for continually launching new product lines every few years during half of the twentieth century, simultaneously, experienced the positive effects of applying the TQM in its furniture manufacturing and popularly is known as high-quality yet affordable wooden furniture provider in domestic market. However, since the mid-1990s, the company suffered from the stiffer competition, high labour rate and decreasing profits. To get out of this situation, Somerset started outsourcing several furniture product lines to China that helped benefit from cost-effective and reduced operating costs. Another strategy was reducing the manufacturing facility and labour force, to keep the low costs in line with the pace of outsourcing. It was very successful initially in reducing costs and increasing profits for the company. By 2000, Somerset decided to set up global supply chain and closed entire manufacturing facility in the United States by outsourcing all of its manufacturing to suppliers in China. Shipments of Raw Materials and Inconsistency of Product Quality Somersets global supply chain facilitates the wood shipments from the United States and South America to manufacturing plants in China. This shipment itinerary takes a long time to arrive China, therell be unexpected delays for processing shipment which incurs customer complaints and orders cancellation. Despite of long shipping time, the costs of shipment to the final destination and the raw material from US and South America are apparently high that reduced the profits. As the manufacturing plants employed Chinese workers to produce products by hand in China, it will cause discrepancies in product dimension and quality. Customers would ask for exchange or refund as the quality is not assured by hand-made. Poor Distribution Network and Transportation Management The finished furniture products are shipped by containers from Hong Kong or Shanghai to Norfolk, Virginia, once arrived, the containers are transported by truck to Somerset warehouses in Randolph Country, where all of retailers stores located and installed the furniture to prevent from damage during transport. Ineffective Order Management It is found that therere some critical flaws exist internally within Somersets global supply chain on its order processing and fulfillment system. Somerset processes orders weekly and biweekly and it takes 7-14 days to developing demand forecast and 12 -25 days for processing order which amount totally 22 to 45 days for purchase order to eventually complete. It requires another 60 days to produce product by hand when going into production. Poor Transportation Management As required by Chinese logistics, all finished furniture items have to be transported from the manufacturing plants to Chinese ports, which can take up to several weeks depending on trucking availability and schedules. Since 9/11, random security checks of containers will delay shipment for another one to three weeks and the trip overseas to Norfolk takes 28 days. Hence, from China to Norfolk port, it can take more than two months delivery time. Thereafter, clearing US customs can take another one to two weeks before local workers take another 1-3 days to unload containers and transfer the furniture onto truck to Somersets warehouse in Randolph County. Ineffective Inventory Management The variability of supply chain estimated is up to 40% for schedule deferment. Due to Somersets innovative conception to introducing new products frequently, it resulted in substantial excess inventories left over in warehouse where the obsolete furniture occupy precious space and increase high disposal and storage costs. Somerset proudly stands behind its products and customers can get a warranty period of 1 year from the date of purchase. It brought a serious problem for parts replacement, because China supplier is only able to provide these parts which are in production, but most of the parts are not produced anymore after 1-year guarantee period. Poor Product Quality Although quality auditors are employed by Chinese suppliers to perform quality audit every few weeks, Somerset still encounters several quality issues. Consequently, Somerset has to inspect every piece of furniture it receives from China due to retailers and customers complaints. 3. Development Justification of New Strategic Supply Chain Approach to be used by Somerset Foreign Competition Owing to fierce competition, Somerset has to close its entire US manufacturing facility and outsource all of its manufacturing to China to reduce costs and increases profits for the company. Outsourcing has become a common strategy that is adopted by all US companies and managing supply chains has now become a trend due to globalisation. It is felt that Somerset should have an outsourcing strategy which will continue to evaluate alternate low-cost furniture manufacturing plants around Asia or other regions. Depending on just low-cost China manufacturers which product its products by hand may not be a viable long term solution for its overall corporate or supply chain strategy. 3.2 Shipment of Raw Materials Consistency of Product Quality Somersets shipment of wood from the United States and South America to manufacturing plants in China is a costly and time-consuming process. Raw materials should be sourced from within China or from neighbouring countries around manufacturing facility to ensure low cost and better efficiency in materials movement. The China manufacturing plant produced all furniture products by hand, which is not only time-consuming, taking 60 days to finished the production, but also cause inconsistency of products quality. It is thus recommended that China manufacturing plant be ISO9000 certified, to provide Quality Assurance and invest in partial or fully automated machine to manufacture some of these furniture products so as to cut down the production lead-time and provide better consistency in products quality. In the meantime, the leader should take action of outsourcing another manufacturer in China to replace the current one, because the current plant may not have enough capital to purchase all necessary expensive equipment. Furthermore, the conversion from undeveloped factory to a qualified lean manufacturing facility cannot take place in one day since it is viewed as a long term transformation. Therefore, Somerset should outsource the production base to other China furniture manufacturing facilities, which comprise the following competencies: Lean manufacturing system implementation Lean manufacturing results in significant cost savings over a two to three year period. Specifically, manufacturing companies report significant reduction in raw materials, in-process inventories, setup costs, throughput times, direct labor costs, indirect labor costs, staff, overdue orders, tooling costs, quality costs, and the cost of bringing new designs on line (Swamidass 2002) ISO9000 certification Flexibility (refers to modification, design, machine, production lines and time flexibilities) Capacity (in terms of space, labor, equipment, IT and materials) 3.3 Better Distribution Network Transportation Management According to Chopra Meindl (2010), with regards to movement of products from factory to customer, there are six distinct distribution network designs for company to select one of them, as shown below: Manufacturer storage with direct shipping Manufacturer storage with direct shipping and in-transit merge Distributor storage with package carrier delivery Distributor storage with last-mile delivery Manufacturer/distributor storage with customer pickup Retail storage with customer pickup Somerset can select one of above distribution network to help in improving its distribution network. Choosing the manufacturer storage with direct shipping will help to eliminate the movement of furniture from Somerset warehouse to retail stores. This will have the advantages of better customers experience and lower inventory costs. Installation of hardware can therefore also be done at customers house instead of at retail stores. However, it has the disadvantages of higher transportation costs (because of increased distance and disaggregate shipping) and requiring investment in information infrastructure to integrate manufacturer and retailer. Another improvement in transportation is to eliminate export of raw materials from US to China by sourcing these materials from China or its neighbouring countries. This not only saves transportation time but also costs of materials. Purchasing department of Somerset will thus have the task to source for these new raw materials around Asia. 3.4 Effective Order Management The order processing and fulfillment system in Somersets global supply chain is too long and it is suspected that Somerset and Chinese manufacturing plant may not have the necessary information technology to enable the rapid sharing of demand and supply data. Per Harrison Hoek (2002), they mention that integration of demand and supply data so that an increasingly accurate picture is obtained about the nature of business processes, markets and consumers, can provide increasing competitive advantage. Figure 3.1 shows a conceptual model of how supply chain processes (supply, source, make, distribute and sell) are integrated together in order to meet end customer demand (cited by Harrison Hoek 2002, p.14): Figure 3.1 Integrating demand and supply chains Source: Harrison Hoek (2002, p.14) Another solution is to ensure that Somerset utilizes software for order processing which will automatically route for approval and issue purchase order in an efficient manner. There should also be policy in place to ensure that the approval routes are short and approving manager does not take too long to approve it. 3.5 Better Transportation Management Apparently, the Chinese logistics arrangement, depending on trucking availability and containers, causes wide times variability in shipment of finished furniture items from China ports to Norfolk. It is really critical for Somerset to have a good logistics/transportation manager to understand the root causes, select work with the Chinese suppliers to reduce this time and wide-variability to avoid delay shipment to customers. Langley et al. (2009) recommends proactive management approach to identify and solve transportation problems by reducing the number of carriers, negotiating with carriers, establishing carrier contracts with prescribed service levels, and modifying loading procedures. Hence, Somerset can negotiate and establish new contracts with Chinese suppliers or carriers to ensure that the finished products can depart China ports consistently at a shorter lead-time. In fact, Somerset should establish contracts with all transportation modes to ensure the required transportation service level and lead-times predictability. Other means of improvement and cost-effectiveness can be done through consolidating shipments and monitoring transportation service quality. 3.6 Effective Inventory Management It is highly recommended that Somerset adopts Just-In-Time (JIT) and Lean thinking concepts, as discussed by Harrison Hoek (2002), that can reduce delay, waste and inventory costs. Long-standing approaches to material control, such as reorder point stock control (ROP), economic order quantities (EOQ) and material requirements planning (MRP) can be made far more responsive by the application of JIT principle whereas lean thinking seeks perfection by gradually reducing waste from each of below four areas: Specifying value from the customer perspective Identifying the value stream ( through time-based mapping) Making the product flow through the supply network (by applying JIT principles) Letting the customer pull (through pull scheduling) Somerset may also adopt vendor-managed inventory (VMI) where it takes responsibility for monitoring sales and inventory in the retailers process. This information is used to trigger replenishment orders. As VMI is facilitated by willingness to share data, the use of integrated systems, and standard procedures, it is made more difficult by such factors as long replenishment lead times, inaccurate data, and unwillingness by either party to invest in systems support. Murphy Wood (2008) highlights tracking technology, radio-frequency identification (RFID) to keep track of inventory, which can further improve the efficiency in the supply chain network. 3.7 Better Product Quality The fact that Somerset has to inspect every piece of furniture it receives from China proves that China manufacturing plant must be ISO9000 certified and implement Quality Assurance System in-house. In addition, this will avoid the need to get quality auditors who are employed by Chinese suppliers to perform quality audit. A Quality Improvement Team should be formed in the China manufacturing plant and be trained so as to improve quality on a continual-basis. Somerset can also assist in the implementation of lean manufacturing for its outsourced China manufacturing plant or introduce Lean Six Sigma methodology to effectively control the process for better consistency in products quality. The requirements for the successful implementation of lean manufacturing, as per Swamidass (2002), are: All levels in the plant, from the production worker to the president must be educated in lean production philosophy and concepts. Top management must be totally committed to this venture and provide necessary leadership. Everyone must be involved in the change, and the internal customer must be empowered to play a vital role in this evolutional process. Everyone in the plant must understand that cost, not price, determines profit. The customer determines price, the plant determines the cost. Everyone must be committed to the elimination of waste. This is fundamental for becoming lean. The concept of standardization must be taught to everyone and applied to documentation, methods, processes as well as system metrics. 4. Evaluation Transformation Required In order to change the Somersets Supply Chain Philosophy from its traditionally position of functional independence to an integrated single entity, top management of Somerset has to ensure that conflicting functional objectives along the supply chain are reconciled and balanced. According to Barnes (2001), supply chain management requires a new approach to systems: integration is the key. Somerset must better manage its supply chain effectively through adapting the six building blocks for effective supply chain management (Harrison Hoek 2002) as follows: Develop a supply chain strategy Elements to be incorporated are: Customer service requirements Plant and distribution centre network design Inventory management Outsourcing and third-party logistics relationships Business processes Organizational design and training requirements Performance metrics and goals Gather supply chain information Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to facilitate the flow of information across their organization Develop effective partnerships and alliances Collaborative approach with key suppliers and customers for better decisions in procurement, production, inventory and fulfillment. Pilot new supply chain solutions Piloting initiatives on a small scale reduces risk and can encourage buy-in from others within the organization or supply chain. Elements to be included in any pilot projects are: Involvement of key stakeholders, suppliers, customers and employees. Selection of scope and environment Identification of critical success factors Organise for supply chain performance Organisational change for cross-functional instead of functionally based structures. Develop measurement system for supply chain performance Cross-supply chain instead of function focused measures: On time in full, outbound On time in full, inbound Internal defect rates New product introduction rate Cost reduction Order to delivery lead time Fiscal flexibility Somerset can also consider the proposal by Heinrich Betts (2003) to transform companys supply chain into adaptive business network. This new business model joins companies as partners, into an adaptable and flexible set of business relationships such that each company is able to respond more swiftly into changing market conditions and leverage the networks cumulative ability to: Plan and anticipate demand and supply. Execute plans efficiently and effectively. Sense events that affect the plans as those events occur, and analyze them for impact. Respond to and learn from ever-changing business conditions. Somerset can then move to an adaptive business network in four steps, as in Figure 4.1: Figure 4.1 The Four Steps of an Adaptive Business Network Step 1 Visibility: Sharing of information with partner companies. Many routine business processes with partners standardized. Information posted for common view on portal. Greater insight into business process and data accuracy problems. Step 2 Community: Moving day-to-day transactions to the portal. Establishment of minimum and maximum control thresholds. Reduction of inventory. Time savings via mechanizing transactions. Step 3 Collaboration: Sharing of customer demand data with members. Targeted replenishment of supplies. Responsibility transferred to supply replenishment vendors. Ability to reallocate inventory to fulfill maximum number of orders. Step 4 Adaptability: Time required for many tasks greatly decreased. Many tasks completely eliminated. Inventory and working capital dramatically reduced. New alliances, products, and revenue opportunities possible. Source: Heinrich Betts (2003, p.80) Harrison Hoek (2002) illustrates a number of transitional forces that need to be harnessed to give momentum to the change project, as structured in Figure 4.2 below: Figure 4.2 Transition forces Source: Harrison Hoek (2002, p.267) These 5 forces are described briefly as follows: Viability of current performance level Consider in light of market changes such as: Demographics Time-stressed customers One-to-one marketing The marketplace becomes the marketspace Perceived pay-off benefits from targeted performance Reap the potential benefits of e-business and benchmarking of improvement projects to quantify the potential benefits of making a change. Belief and enthusiasm Ability of project manager to communicate belief in the change process with enthusiasm. Ability to manage change Ability to plan the change, organizing the resources needed to make the change and managing the application of those resources in order to achieve the necessary outcome. Ability to operate in the new environment People in the organization must have the right skills, tools and techniques to operate the new process. The management of the new process will require a new set of performance measures to be in place so that its efficiency and effectiveness can be assessed. Specifically, there are several action items that are required to progressively (from Stage 1 to 3) change Somersets supply chain network to be effective and efficient, as illustrated in Table 4.1 below: Table 4.1 Action Items Required To Change Somersets Supply Chain Network Item Action Item Action To Be Taken Remarks 1 Foreign Competition Outsourced to China manufacturing plants Re-evaluate its capabilitycapacity Done 2 Shipment of Raw Materials from US Source raw materials in neighbouring countries of China Stage 1 3 Poor Distribution Network Manufacturer storage with direct shipping to customers Stage 3 4 Ineffective Order Management Integrating demand and supply data using technology Stage 2 5 Poor Transportation Management Re-negotiate new contracts with all transportation modes Stage 2 6 Ineffective Inventory Management Implement JIT approach and pull system scheduling Stage 3 7 Poor Product Quality Get China manufacturing plant ISO9000 certified Stage 1 However, the implementation of change in business is often frustrating and difficult, particularly in supply chains as it has to be undertaken in a coordinated manner across and between several organizations. It is therefore important to gain agreement from the top level of all companies involved before wide-scale changes can be made. 5. Conclusion In this case study, Somersets approach to manage its supply chain resulted in poor business performance. The visible hazards and other negative factors frustrated Somerset included poor logistics management, ineffective order system and inventory management as well as inconsistency of product quality. In adopting a value chain, Somerset must incorporate and execute a robust supply chain management strategy for best-fit suppliers selection, further establish on how to work with supply partners, distributors, suppliers, customers or even customers customers as a way to remain competitive. Otherwise, the company will not survive. In addition, top management of Somerset has to lead and motivate not only all internal functional teams, but also external suppliers and partners, to work as an integrated entity in the new strategic supply chain network, so as to achieve the overall corporate objectives. In a nutshell, supply chains have shifted from a cost focus to a customer focus, until currently to a strategic focus, scrutinizing the success of a strategy is just as good as the companys capabilities to fully and properly execute all. A great supply chain strategic approach, connected with operational excellence, can provide success for not only the company in crisis but also its partners and customers.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Professional practice in children’s care learning and development Essay

It is my understanding that in my continued professional development, as manager of my setting it is my role to ensure that myself and every member of the staff and management committee understand the values, principles and statutory framework that underpins service provision in children’s care, learning and development At all times in our centre the welfare of the child is paramount and we demonstrate daily professional practise in line with the new minimum standards, code of practice and the ethos of our setting. We understand that parents are the most important people in children’s lives and that with their support for their children’s learning and development, it is up to us as a staff team to enhance what the children have already been taught by their parents and ensure that through our daily plans, based on the 6 areas of learning, set in place by the education training inspectorate, make a positive impact on the children’s early learning skills to h elp them achieve a positive long term impact on their later learning and achievements. If young children are to get the early education and care they need, there must be a substantial change in the way working with young children is perceived. There needs to be clear roles in the early years workforce and standards are continually being raised with new publications like the Cathy Nutbrown report. Other publications such as together towards improvement, the curricular guidance for preschool education, the 0-6 strategy, the minimum new standards and all relevant or new legislation all have an impact on our staff team to ensure that everyone is working together to develop their professional practise ensuring that we are committed to providing an outstanding provision for pre- school education in our setting. In my setting as part of the manager’s role I am required to keep on top of all new legislations and ensure that these are being implemented by myself and the staff team. This includes making sure that everyone has the appropriate qualifications to work in an early years setting and that we all avail of any training that becomes available that will enhance the staff teams knowledge to ensure that at all times we are providing high quality  education and play, which is age appropriate and that the children are provided with the correct resources to develop this. I ensure that as a staff team, all members of staff get to work with any outside agencies in developing their own professional development, such as local primary schools, social services, eti, and our early years specialist. We are also part of the SEN building capacity pilot scheme which has provided very in depth training to all members of staff and has proved very beneficial to the staff to help identify additional needs, put strategies into place for the children and if needed develop Individual Education Plans, working in partnership with the parents to help the child develop in whatever area they are having difficulty in, so that we know when they move onto primary school we have supported them in their development to the best of our professional ability. We ensure that we contribute to children’s care learning and development in every aspect of our practice and service by constantly reviewing our work through our daily observations and evaluations of the day. We take into account every child’s needs rights and views and incorporate these into our ever changing daily plans and routines. I believe in our setting we all have a very good working relationship with all parents and families and operate an open door system at all times. We meet with parents a few times a year to discuss how their child has settled in and also their transition onto primary school, also we meet up when necessary if a child has an individual education plan. These meetings gives us the opportunity to discuss with the parents, all the information we have gathered about their child, and ensure that we have treated every child with individuality and all areas of diversity etc are respected, valued and celebrated within our daily work, ensuring that at all times we are promoting their child’s health and well being and that as a team along with the parents, using our professional knowledge and skills as practitioners we are contributing to enrich the experience of every child’s learning to the best of our ability. We also ensure that all information we have gathered from the parents and through our own observations, is treated confidentially and used on a need to know basis. If parents disclose any personal information about their child or family life we treat it as confidential and the information is respected as appropriate unless a child’s protection and well being are at stake. In our setting we do daily, weekly and m onthly risk  assessment to ensure that at all times, every child’s personal and physical safety is of the upmost importance, whilst still allowing for risk and challenge appropriate to every child’s capabilities. We believe that best practice requires reflection and continuous search for improvement, so as a staff team we are constantly reviewing our practice and reflecting on daily events to ensure that every staff member is working to the best of their ability, we are continually updating our training and knowledge individually and as a staff team, as we believe the more we know and understand from all relevant training, the better education we can provide for every child that comes to our setting. Also through our development plan and self evaluation, working with the Together Towards Improvement document we can reflect on our practice and ensure that we are also developing our own personal practise and our setting is run to the highest standard at all times. Unit 141 Professional practice in children’s care learning and development Outcome 2Understand the values, principles and statutory frameworks that underpin service provision in children’s care, learning and development A.C 2.3Support others to implement values and principles that underpin service provision By using the term â€Å"others†, this may include, workers/practitioners, colleagues, carers, volunteers, students Values: The needs, rights and views of the child are at the centre of all practice and provision How to support others We strive to provide best practice for all of our children, by promoting their needs through the 6 areas of learning. All children are individuals and their needs, rights and views will all be different, it is up to us to provide a broad and balanced curriculum to ensure that every child is at the centre of our learning plans and that every child should feel secure and valued. Individuality, difference and diversity are valued and celebrated How to support others Every child is included and supported in our setting, regardless of race, sex, religion, ethnic origin. Toys are not gender specific and all children are encouraged to play with everything. We use the media initiatve puppets at circle time to promote diversity and try to adopt a persona for each  puppet relating to a child in our settings circumstances. We welcome children and their families from all backgrounds. Staff ensure that in everything they do we help to teach the children that all people are valuable irrespective of race, colour, ethnic origin, religion, culture, ability or linguistic background and we try to celebrate these differences as much as we can. Equality of opportunity and anti-discriminatory practice are actively promoted How to support others All children are provided with the same opportunities and resources, staff are all treated fairly and with respect, in line with our equal opportunities policies and procedures. Children are recognised and valued as individuals and encouraged to develop their own sense of identity within their cultural and racial groups. Staff are all valued as individuals and encouraged to develop to the best of their ability. Fair training and recruitment procedures are in place to ensure that everyone is treated the same. Children’s health and well being are being actively promoted How to support others Good hygiene is practised and promoted at all times to minimise the spread of infection. Guidance on infection control is displayed in the main hall and a copy is sent home to every parent at the start of the year to ensure that correct exclusion times are adhered to. We operate a healthy breaks system where all children are encouraged to eat snack together and choose from a selection of healthy snacks, fruit, milk and water on a daily basis. All children take part in 30 mins active physical play daily, we encourage parents to sent a coat and hat with their chid for colder weather as we try to get children outside for physical play as much as we can. If this is not possible due to heavy rain etc the play room is cleared and we do song and dance for all the children. Children’s personal and physical safety is safeguarded, whilst allowing for risk and challenge as appropriate to the capabilities of the child How to support others During all activities provided daily every child is given the opportunity to  develop in a safe environment, whilst allowing them to challenge themselves without any undue risk or harm. Daily, weekly and monthly risk assessments are carried out on all equipment to ensure that it is structurally safe for the children and appropriate activities are adapted to suit every child’s need and capability. All areas of the playroom are adapted as much as possible to ensure that every child can develop with age appropriate resources. Self-esteem, resilience and a positive self-image are recognised as essential to every child’s development